New Madrid — located on a bend in the Mississippi River, 164 miles south of St. Louis — was under the rule of the Spanish and then the French before the historic 1803 Louisiana Purchase added the region to the United States. The town was still a small settlement just a few years later, when a series of strong and destructive earthquakes changed the course of the river and leveled the town. The residents rebuilt, and today New Madrid is home to 3,000 people and is a regular stop on many paddlewheel riverboat cruises.